Media Violence Begets Societal Violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Media Violence Begets Societal Violence - Essay Example Violence incorporates any social behaviour that has intent to harm another person, and includes physical violence, verbal abuse, aggressive behaviour and intimidation; all of which are exposed to children from a very young age within their own homes. How often do we read about children as young as seven or eight seriously harming a younger child; not so long ago it was reported in the media that a boy of around that age murdered a toddler. Nobody could understand how such a terrible thing could occur. The child had grown up within a loving and caring family; there was no evidence of violence in the home and violence had not been identified as a trait throughout the history of either parents. Yet, the fact is, this young child had not only contemplated the idea of serious physical abuse but actually knew how to go about it. It is difficult to suppose that such behaviour and such sordid knowledge was innate or instinctive. It is common knowledge that humans at the top of the evolutiona ry ladder are actually born devoid of instinct, unlike other animals, and only survive based on the care of a mother. Children as they grow up learn by imitation and copying what they see and parents and teachers reinforce them when the behaviour is appropriate. The child therefore, must have been exposed to such display and if it was not within the family and school, the only avenue left open is the media. When considering fictitious violence on the television or in other media, we find that it is glamourised; yes we have the bad characters that get caught and pay the price, but more often than not the heroes of the program are also involved with violence that is condoned with no reprimand. Victims are rarely portrayed as any real victim, the real damage and long term effects of violence are not revealed so again to some extent even the victims are glamourised. Violence that is presented with humour has even more potential for adverse effects on children because it is trivialized u nder the guise of humour. Cartoons are a prime example, wherein we find violence that is quite fierce, with the executor in an appealing role and the victim although suffering a plethora of violent actions never really suffering or dying. Such fantasy in the mind of very young children must pose potential threat; they are not always able to distinguish the difference between reality and fantasy. Violence among adolescents and young adults is increasing; we only have to look on the streets of most cities in the world to witness thuggery, gang warfare, rape and murder. Many people blame this upsurge of social violence on drugs, unemployment and poverty; while there is no denying that such factors have impacted on social harmony and that there are significantly more reports of street violence today than there was twenty or thirty years ago because of drug abuse and other negative social and economical issues, media violence must also play a part. Media itself has illustrated that altho ugh many adults take drugs, are unemployed and live in poverty the rate of violence and abuse for adult populations, at least within developed countries, has not increased

Mini Position Paper Essay Example for Free

Mini Position Paper Essay Many schools exist that don’t create student success. In too many school systems today, students are deprived of the education they need to become successful in life. What is society doing to make sure these students find their way? What does it take for them to become successful participants of society? After reading Freire’s, Pedagogy of the Oppressed, I must say there is some truth to students being oppressed for they are being forced to matriculate in an educational environment they aren’t familiar with; can’t survive in; or don’t want to be in. Students who are in the predicament noted above are not able to thrive in a strong academic environment because, as Freire states, they don’t know their reality. If they knew their reality, they would be better prepared to adjust to what they need for academic success. My position is that students that will better succeed in vocational or magnet schools. The vocational option is best suited for students that are not college bound and need to learn hands-on job skills to work right out of high school. For the nontraditional student the magnet option can work well. As a dancer, I attended magnet performing art school and this opportunity allowed me to learn about my craft and move on to earning a scholarship to Temple University in dance and theater. It allowed me the option to get involved in a field that I love and having a love for what you do makes the difference in which you become. There is no denying that people are mentally in different places at different times in their lives. Whether they have been raised in a single parent home, or whether they grew up in an environment that isn’t conducive to learning, it is important that students know what they can handle in an educational setting. For some students, an advanced math class or AP courses may not be reasonable. There are some students that understand where they stand academically and know that they aren’t able to learn under the same conditions as other students. These students need to develop other avenues in which to become successful. Vocational and Magnet schools are a great source for students that aren’t ready for a rigorous academic curriculum. Although students will still get the core courses they need to graduate, they will also have a trade that will at least keep them employed and able to take care of them after graduating. There are students that have a love for cosmetology, auto mechanics or even plumbing. One important fact is that there are colleges that offer two year degrees in these vocational trades. It is crucial that today’s generation know that there are options outside of becoming a doctor or lawyer. While we always need lawyers, doctors, and teachers, the world also needs mechanics to fix cars, a plumber to fix leaks the correct way or even a specialist to make sure a heating or air conditioning system is properly working. It is important that today’s student be comfortable in knowing that being academically challenged is okay, and that choosing a vocational education is an option. Vocational Magnet educations are just as important and should be interjected in all of today’s schools for they too serve a vital function in preparing our students in life. â€Å"The Guardian†, a newspaper printed in the U. K. , ran an article in 2013 regarding vocational educations. It questioned the validity of the concept of vocational educations by asking the public if they value vocational skills. The article allowed people to give their opinions. Although most people were in support of vocational education, there were some that weren’t. One person commented that though he didn’t look down on vocational education, he would not consider the vocational route if he didnt get the grades needed to attend a university. He finished by explaining he would definitely go for A-levels because in his opinion, â€Å"they are far more respected by employers and universities†. In his opinion, having a career rather than a skill is more esteemed. After reading the article, I was stunned at the idea that vocational educations aren’t respected. That a plumber or custodian is not valued is a disrespectful and cocky position to take. Society will always needs someone to make sure offices are clean and bathroom toilets run properly. People underestimate that diverse careers are needed for the world to effectively revolve. Unfortunately vocational skills like plumbing, carpentry, and electricians have been downgraded in social status over the years. One of the biggest issues in education today is low graduation rates, low college entry and a growing rate of unemployment. Vocational education can be the resolution to this problem. What are missing in schools are alternatives like a technical baccalaureate, which offers valuable learning and real skills, and leads to real jobs for young people. Getting children in the right program for their learning needs is what leads to success. Vocational qualifications serve a need for particular kinds of students and are very important skills. Vocational education training provides career and technical education for students interested in jobs that are based upon labor-intensive or real-world jobs. The plus side to vocational education is that students have the opportunity to work in their field while in school; it requires less education than four year degree programs; the vocational fields are vast and varied such as, pharmacy and medical technicians, paralegals, medical assistants, office assistants, cosmetologists, mechanics and construction workers; it assists in higher graduation rates; increased employment; and overall student achievement. The objective in education is to assist students in their quest of having a stable life. A vocational education reinforces the connections between secondary and postsecondary education, and improves accountability for students.

New Head And Shoulders Olive Oil Extracts Product

New Head And Shoulders Olive Oil Extracts Product Head Shoulders (HS) is one of the most renowned brands of Proctor Gamble (PG). Launched first in 1961, it is now in the PG list of hot selling brands with a sale of over USD 1 Billion (Wikipedia, 2010). HS today sells 13 different products ranging from Classic Clean to Intensive Care (HS, 2010). Core line being dandruff protection, HS products are being prepared on sub-themes like hair and scalp type or even flavouring (e.g. menthol or citrus). A renowned survey (Ecologist, 2010) reveals that dandruff shampoos like HS are made with detergents to which anti-flaking agents are added. Zinc pyrithizone contained in Head Shoulders can cause be irritating skin. It has also been agreed the use of oil extracts could help relieve this irritation. With rather un-referenced myths about dandruff shampoos like HS stripping off hair colour rather quickly leaving them greyed prematurely in young ages. Olive oil has been used as a remedy in hair and skin treatments for centuries. Its constant application to hair is described as a guarantee of long lasting hair (eHow, 2010) in Asian European remedies. Hence a new unique HS product (i.e. New HS with Olive Oil Extracts) could give a very classic mix of anti-dandruff features with extra hair treatment through olive oil extracts. As this product is an extension of the HS product-line, it would not be feasible to simply state the damages of an anti-dandruff shampoo for promoting this new product. Although a very fair advertising statement could have been the one identifying the damages of the anti-dandruff shampoo and benefits of olive oil extract, it could have backfired in a sense that it would have undermined all the previous marketing efforts that were undertaken to promote other 13 HS currently running products. It could hurt the brand itself if the advertising for promotion of this product is not carefully done. It should be made sure that the advertising theme conforms to the organization objectives and missions and does not undermine the efforts previously made to promote the currently cash-cow or star products. 2 4Ps in Perspective of New HS Olive Oil Extracts Marketing decision or more specifically the Marketing Mix can be categorized in the four classes i.e. Product decisions, Price Decisions, Place (i.e. Distribution) decisions and Promotion (or Advertisement) Decisions. 2.1 Product Decisions The first category of decisions of the marketing manger is to control different perspectives of its newly manufactured product. Name of the product or brand is the far more important thing in marketing. In case of brands, the name should conform to the organization mission and objective statements while in case of newly introduced products, this name should conform to its brand. HS with Olive Oil Extracts being a product extension of HS conforms to the main brand i.e. HS. 2.1.1 Functionality Product extension pertains to introduction of a product in a similar category while brand extension is the extension of the brand to a totally different category. 13 products of HS are a classic example of product extension within a brand while Virgin is a good example of brand extension as it has many shares in distinct communication media categories. HS conforms to the functionality aspect of product/brand decision. Introduced HS as per the basic functionality of the brand remains an anti-dandruff product with same anti-flaking agents as in other 13 HS products. However, it comes with additional benefits of olive oil for improved hair. 2.1.2 Quality and safety Quality and safety are two other aspects on which matter when the decision about a introducing a product is being made. New HS is to conform to same quality and safety standards as guaranteed in PG products. 2.1.3 Styling and packaging Brands are the social mirror of company. It took Gold star years to get known by L.G. once they decided to change the brand name in 1995 (LG, 2010). Trademarks are erected into minds of people and hence, to benefit from the reputation of a brand, it is vital to conform to the same styling standards. New HS will has standard HS styling with word Head Shoulders prominent on the pack. HS is known to change packaging styles frequently. Very current style for packaging may be adopted. Another important aspect of the packaging of new HS is its availability in 50ml low price mini pack. Reason for introducing such packaging is to engage the clientele that may be reluctant to purchase HS otherwise. Customers in counties in Indo-China region have cost as one of the most important factor in terms of purchasing a product. This mini packaging would entice them to purchase this product. 2.1.4 Support Services Valuing customers through support and services has been one of the key characteristics of HS in general and PG in particular. HS gives value to their customers and provides them with nicest season deals. It is an innovative brands and never hesitates to experiment to provide its customers with variety of products. HS with Olive Oil Extracts becomes yet another innovative product which is a classic blend of herbal (i.e. olive oil) and are contemporary (i.e. anti-dandruff minerals) ingredients. 2.2 Price Decisions Another important component of 4Ps i.e. marketing mix is the price decisions before introduction of a product. 2.2.1 Pricing Strategy Around half of the world population lives in Indo-China region. The share their thought about traditional remedies for health and beauty. Anti-dandruff shampoos like HS have many local competitors offering traditional touch to their shampoo brands and hence being widely adopted. Although multinationals like HS are widely trusted and adopted, some facts (like intensive use of chemical ingredients in HS) and myths (like constant use of HS causes grey hair) give a reason to its competitors to make the people believe that their products (though much inferior in quality) are better than HS. Hence introduction of HS with Olive Oil Extracts would leave no reason for its critics and expected to sell like hot cakes. Local products sell at almost the same price as HS and hence skim pricing (Skimming, 2010) strategy could be adopted to earn financial benefits. Similarly in Europe, Far East and America, penetration-pricing policy (Pricing, 2010) could be adopted in order to attract new customers . 2.2.2 Seasonal Pricing Bundles HS is know by its enticing offers in terms of sales and discounts. Summer is targeted for its European launch and as the product is already been proposed to be sold on introductory low prices, it would not be feasible to offer bundles at this point in time. However after the introductory price offer is over, bundles offers could be targeted for the winter and charismas season. Reverse logistics (i.e. returned items from customer or stores) could be benefited from in terms of offering sales on returned products to clear out the stock seasonally. 2.2.3 Price Discrimination Although not directly, but the different standards of pricing for various geographic sale regions becomes a price discrimination phenomenon which HS with Olive Oil Extracts has adopted. 2.3 Distribution Decisions Logistics are one of the important factors in every business. Following decisions pertaining to distributions may decide the success of a newly introduced product. 2.3.1 Distribution Channels Market Coverage Distribution channels are called two-level when a manufacturer sells its products directly to the customers. It is a well-known practise in bakery and restaurant business. HS as a company is unable to sell its product directly to the customers and hence, up to five-level distribution channel could be adopted before the product finally reaches the customers. In terms of distribution strategies, exclusive strategy could not suit a FMCG like shampoo product and hence for new HS, exclusive strategy would not be feasible in Europe. In Asian markets however, multinationals like PG adopt exclusive strategies and sell the rights of distributions to promoting agencies. Companies like SmithKline Beecham and Reckitt Benckiser have also used this strategy successfully for year in South Asian countries. 2.3.2 Inventory Management and Warehousing It would be feasible for FMCG product like new HS wilt Olive Oil Extracts to be stored off the shore in countries where warehousing is inexpensive. European geographical region can be covered through warehousing in Africa while setting up warehousing in South Asia and Latin America could cover Asia and Americas respectively. 2.3.3 Transportation and Reverse Logistics Warehousing and logistics are two interconnected aspect of distribution decisions. Success of a marketing plan lies in logistics. Either forward or reverse, cost of logistics could play a pivotal role in success of a newly established product. Warehousing locations intelligently selected could effectively decrease the logistic costs. An ideal strategy for the new HS would be to ship it to its relevant warehouses based in various geographic areas suggested above. Subsequent shipments and logistics to the stores (and ultimately the customers) could then be proceeded with from those warehouses. HS ships their shampoo in large containers to 3rd world countries where they are locally packaged. This save the space and promotes the local packaging industries of relevant regions. The same strategy has remained a success story for many of such brands and would be adopted for this newly introduced product as well. In terms of reverse logistics, returned products could be managed locally throug h either resale or disposing-off or recycling where appropriate. 2.4 Promotion Decisions In todays information intensive world it is very hard to attract a potential customer without promotions and advertisements. Hence it becomes to come up with effective decisions about promotion of the product. As per (All Business, 2010) promotions decisions may compel a promoter to think over the following issues more thoroughly. Setting clear goals for promotion Setting a budget Seek out partnerships (Co-sponsors) Promotion decisions involve the following. 2.4.1 Promotion Advertising Strategy Promotion strategy can be Pull or Push (Pullpush, 2010). Pulling promotion policy is to advertise intensively to bring-about its consumer demand. It requires high amount of funding to promote the item through this strategy however, the benefit of this strategy is the direct interaction of company with its customers. On the other hand, a pulling strategy is to promote the product through companys sales force to wholesalers, from wholesalers to retailers and from retailers to the customers. An ideal example of such advertisement strategy is of IPhone 4 that was advertised more by the cell phone companies like O2 than Apple itself. Similarly Nokia also adopts the same strategy. For new HS with Olive Oil Extracts on the other hand would adopt mainly a push strategy in regions like South Asia where customer decisions are influenced by the advertisement. This strategy would also be successful in Europe and Americas however, high street retailers like Boots, Superdrug and Tesco etc. could a lso be used for pulling strategy. 2.4.2 Personal Selling Customers may not access the high street retailers in many cases and hence it may also be good strategy to sell the product through personal selling that may involve door-to-door selling or selling to the local grocery store. Former is widely adopted in South Asian countries. This strategy would again adopt five-layer distribution model where new HS will be sold to wholesalers, then to promoters and it subsequently reaches the customers though stores or sales representatives. Figure One:- Five-level Distribution Model for New HS Olive Oil Extracts 2.4.3 Sale Promotions Sales promotions could be eye catching and force a customer to buy out of time and even if he is not actually in need of that item. New HS is being introduced at a reduced short-time introductory price and is bound to attract clientele. Moreover HS packs are made available in 50 ml mini packs and every pack offers customers to fill an on-site survey about this new product to make the customers realize that HS always cares about the opinion of its respected customers. 2.4.4 Marketing Budget After running an intensive promotional campaign for the new HS on the electronic media, marketing budget of this product could be subsequently reduced through switching to print media at a later time. New HS will also benefit from PG trademark and joint advertisements would be run (for different kinds of PG products). Selling in mix--match (i.e. new HS in conjunction with other PG products) would also be considered. Doing so will not only decrease promotion costs but also increases the sales as the mix--match offers are more attractive than 2-for-1 offers within the same product line. It is notable that this mix--match strategy would be adopted in conjunction with promoters and wholesalers. Figure Two:- Promotion Model 3 Sample Advertisement for New HS Olive Oil Extracts Figure Three- Sample Advertising 4 SWOT Analysis of for HS Olive Oil Extracts 4.1 Strengths Itself being one of the well renowned brands. Working under the umbrella of Proctor Gamble Financial strength High quality customer loyalty Diversity in product lines Advanced logistics Approval of ISO and other standardizing bodies 4.2 Weaknesses Having low-price competitors Use of very strong chemicals for dandruff relief (can cause itching and irritation) Influenced by myths (more use of chemicals may turn hair grey) Less popular in rural areas (in terms of South Asian clientele) 4.3 Opportunities Organic revolution (more people want organic. Olive oil is organic component in New HS) Globalisation (Access to all markets) Population Increase in buying power of people Literacy of clients 4.4 Threats High competition Recession effecting purchasing power Religious cultural issues (Ban on multinational products) Increase in cost of raw material (chemicals used in shampoo and plastic for packaging) 5 PESTEL Analysis for HS Olive Oil Extracts 5.1 Political Globalisation (Access to all markets) will enabled HS to target new potential markets Changes in government and its policies and political instability in rather volatile regions like South Asia that is one of the very attractive consumer markets for new HS. 5.2 Economic Recession and financial melt-down Increase in taxes (e.g. increase in VAT rate in the UK and imposition of a new VAT in Pakistan) Increase in fuel prices and thus increase in price of logistics HS conforms to various international standards and hence the production may incur higher cost. Thus the resulting product is costlier than its local low-quality competitors. Inflations and customers inability to purchase may also be a seriously addressable issue. 5.3 Social Having low-price competitors State sponsored ban on imported items Social boycott of multinational products (for instance in Muslim countries) Increased population means increased customers Increase in cost of raw material (chemicals used in shampoo and plastic for packaging) Illiteracy and lack of technical understanding 5.4 Technological Rapid RD results in improved product and ingredients every day and hence there is always a risk of competitor acquiring that technology and gaining technological advantage. 5.5 Environmental Use of very strong chemicals for dandruff relief (can cause itching and irritation) Influenced by myths (more use of chemicals may turn hair grey) High competition Use of organic items (would give the HS with Olive Oil Extracts high acceptability) 5.6 Legal As HS in general and PG in particular have got many global certifications, no legal issue pertains to the introduction of New HS with Olive Oil Extract. 6 Porter 5 Force Analysis for new HS Olive Oil Extracts 6.1 Threat of Rivals New HS with a unique Olive Oil formula not only removes the dandruff but also nourishes hair with historically trusted olive oil extracts. So far this product give new HS an advantage over other but its rivals like Garnier, Boots, Pentene, LOreal, Elvive, Clinic and Nizoral may strike an oil-well and come up with a contemporary product in their brand-line that could snatch advantage back from HS. 6.2 Bargaining Power of Suppliers New HS is a blend of contemporary anti-dandruff chemical agents and olive oil. As the prices of essential chemicals are on a hike, suppliers consequently get more demanding in terms of asking more price for raw materials. Similarly, as the new ingredient i.e. olive oil is also required for new HS production, it will increase the HSs dependency on new suppliers. 6.3 Bargaining Power of Buyers With variety of anti-dandruff products available in market and lack of knowledge of people about uniqueness of the new HS it is quite possible that buyers switch to rather cheaper low quality products as per their preferences. 6.4 Threat of Substitutes Olive oil is separately available widely in the market so the customers could prefer using hair oil separately and later washing their hair with HS classic to be dandruff free. Although the process becomes cumbersome however this could act as a substitute for the New HS. 6.5 Threat of New Entrants With HS established as one of the most renowned brands, new entrants might not effect already established HS products. Skin and hair products are the ones with which customers usually do not afford to take risk. And hence a new entrant introducing such a product may not get successful at ones. In countries where people value cost than quality, new entrants with low prices (though low-quality) product may gain competitive advantage over new HS. Part 3 Individual Critical Reflection on Learning Outcomes 7 Company Valuing Customers Proctor and Gamble is one of the most renowned fortune 500 companies of the United States (Wikipedia, 2010). The company is known for its advertising campaigns and customer satisfaction. One of the reason for its success is its high standards of value offered to the customers. Head Shoulders is one of its successful star brands that earns her revenues of over 1.7 billion USD a year. Company offers value to the customers through following. 7.1 Sales and Seasonal Offers by HS End of every season, the company offers various kinds of sales and discount offers to the customers. These offer normally cover various product lines covered under the brand. These sales though mainly target at generation of revenues, one of the aspects of also is to enable low-income customers to purchase these HS products. HS comes regularly with exciting 2-for-1 and mix-n-match offers for its products. 7.2 Availability One of the imperative qualities of HS is its availability. Certain percentage of customers may not be able to visit high street stores so the key quality of FMCG like shampoo is its availability at local and small stores. Although it is much easier and cost effective in terms of logistics to provide the product at major stores, HS ensures that its products are available at the local stores on the very same prices or even cheaper than high street ones. Such distribution strategy makes a long logistics chain and benefits HS less in terms of earnings but in terms of customer care it is an effective move. 7.3 Surveys Occasional online surveys on customer satisfaction are also one of the key attributes of HS in terms of customer care. These surveys incur cost to HS but it earns them in reward the customer satisfaction. The surveys are an important mean of knowing about the desirable improvement about the product and also collecting ideas about future products. 7.4 Research Development RD could be interpreted in two ways. One in terms of gaining and maintaining competitive advantage over rivals while more importantly in terms of maintaining customer trust and loyalty. A product without active RD may go stagnant and in-turn compel the customer to switch to a new brand. Not in terms of updating products through technology, there is a strong need for a brand to regularly get innovative products introduced. 7.5 On-site Hair Wash The on-site hair was strategy was introduced by HS in Pakistan where an HS van would visit the public spots and offer them free hair wash. It was then broadcasted as their advertisement campaign. This strategy has made many HS customers feel that HS gives them value by considering them real actors and letting them rather realistically act in its commercials. 7.6 Help Line Customer help-line had been made available in Pakistan for a very long time to help the customers decide the better product as per their hair types. People have benefited from the suggestions and guidelines provided by HS professionals. 8 Contribution of Proposed Advertising Strategy in Valuing Customers 8.1 10% Introductory Discount 10% introductory discount to the customer is yet again an effort that conforms to the companys customer care policy. This strategy will also let the customers switch to the new product easy. 8.2 Customer Survey As a part of advertisement, customers will be invited to fill-in a short survey on this innovative product. It will not only realize customers that their views are valued in HS but would also pave a way for new innovative products in future. 8.3 Innovation This product which itself is an innovation is also to give value to customers who are loyal to the brand. Customers may not switch the product even if it does not suit them just because they do not trust other brands. This innovation would bring confidence and pride in loyal customers. 8.4 Mini Packs To facilitate a large number of rather low-income customers, 50 ml mini packs of new HS with Olive Oil Extracts is being introduced. With the different sorts of large packaging available already this attempt would encourage more customers to buy. It again conforms to the policy of HS to provide products affordable to everyone. 9 Critical Reflection Achievements of Three Learning Outcomes 9.1 Analyzing Elements of Marketing Mix Marketing Mix can be considered as one of the most dynamic legacy marketing model. With main emphasis on 4Ps i.e. Product, Price, Place Promotion this model offers an insight into many marketing concepts. It would not be wrong to state that if followed in its true spirit, it could result in very workable marketing plan. Product part of the marketing mix covers the dynamics of product or service. It ranges from product name to all its specifications. It covers various aspects of a product from its launch till the point its set for disposing off. In other words product related decisions are taken care of in this phases. Next decision phase in marketing mix is the price decision phase. In most of the cases, price setting plays a pivotal role in initial success during launch of a product. It surrounds products initial pricing and offers associated to the product at its launch. Another important component of the 4P model is Place or distribution. Logistics are important both in terms of decreased product costs and timely delivery to the customers nearest stores. Effectiveness of this phase may results in improved pricing for customers and increased savings to the company. Promotions being the final part of marketing mix are the core of the particularly initial launch of the product. Promotions keep the product live in the eyes of consumers and is also a vital component in attracting new customers. Critical View: Although the marketing mix forms the basic structure of a marketing plan, it has some inherent shortcomings that have raised the need to launch more progressive models. One of them is 5Ps model that iterates the need of more desirable distributions like process, people and packaging etc. Subsequent models like porter 5 force model takes into account the environment in which the product is being launched. To win a competitive advantage, it is important to know the competitors or expected competitors and hence this model describes such characteristics pertaining to the environment. SWOT and TOWS matrices are the ways to analyze the self capabilities of a company. It then could be used to compare it against rivals. Similarly PEST and PESTEL analysis help assess the environment in which the product being launched. Although its limitations are there, Marketing Mix can still be categorized as one to the simplest models around. Many models have been organized around this model and it give a very descriptive flow of events that are considered imperative in a marketing plan. 9.2 Critical Appreciation of Marketing Research Techniques Surveys are one of the effective ways to gather data about a persons opining on a topic without physically interviewing him. Critically, surveys intend to concise a whole scene into few questions that require a high skill that everybody may not have. Minor error on surveyors part may spoil all the effort. Another shortcoming of surveys is the understanding level of the audience. It may be possible that the question may not be understood properly. Surveys normally ask for very few choices of answers and hence the person who is being surveyed may not respond in appropriate way. Personal Interviews is another way of market research that is widely used around. One of the shortcomings of the interviews again is the precise nature of questions to be asked and hence requires high skills of the interviewer to prepare the questionnaire. Timing constraints on interview are also an important factor. Limited time may leave questions unasked. Getting time from CEO level administration for interviews may also prove difficult. Observations let study the environment briefly. One of the shortcomings of such techniques is that the observer may take a wrong opinion about the things. Moreover ethically most of the people do not like being observed. Field Trials is another technique in which product is picked in a selected market to gather customer response. One of the shortcomings of such approach is that if the product fails, it could spoil the product name forever. Similarly competitors may acquire that product to develop their version of the same product and hence RS goes wasted. Focus Groups is another technique for marketing research. Focus groups provide subjective data. One of the problems in the focus groups is the biasness on certain issues that may spoil the outcomes from this activity. 9.3 Use of Marketing Terminology Concepts Marketing is a very diverse field with many intermingling theories and concepts. Where behaviour related theories of reasoned action are covered in consumer behaviour, they are also studies in Porters 5 Force model under Buying Power. Similarly theories like PEST analysis give economics of marketing the Pricing part of Marketing Mix also discusses pricing. In Porters Five Force model logistics are also covered while in Place phase of 4P model, the inbound and outbound logistics are discussed. Social issues under PEST analysis are closely connected with Threats and Opportunities section of SWOT analysis. Many threats are discusses in Porters 5 Force Model while the same could be discussed under Threats phase of SWOT analysis. Hence identifying the boundaries may prove difficult however these model still individually attempt to cover as many as possible aspects of marketing plan. 10 Module Learning Related Questions Expectation at the Start of Module:- One of the basic expecting at the start of this module was to be enabled to develop an appropriate business plan developed for an organization of my choice. The aim was to understand the basis issues and important aspect of a marketing mangers job. And to understand the meanings of marketing strategy and what aspects of the business environment are required to be looked at for devising a successful strategy. To understand the role of various models of marketing that could help device a strategy. Experience Brought to Module:- I had studied many to the theories before but was not aware to device a business plan from the concepts that I had in my knowledge. I possessed a grip on theoretical aspect of many models but practicality was lacking. Experience Used to Achieve the Learning Outcomes:- Having knowledge of theories, it was easy for me to cope with the practicality that was the main focus of this module. I wasted no effort to remind these theories by heart as they were already in my mind. What I focused was the application of these concepts. Taking an organization and applying them to it. Through a repeated practise of case-study solving, I am capable of devising a rather appropriate strategy for my organization. Views on the Process:- It was a step-by-step learning process. Like mentioned before, the aspect of practicality was there in the learning. I had revised my concepts. Learned new things like 4P models and learned how they are interconnected. Later I took various case studies during the course and applied my knowledge onto them to see what organization used what strategy. Prior Knowledge:- The understanding of the basic marketing terminologies, concepts and theories was required to go smoothly. As the study under the module was focused on the business process and it even started up with the case studies hence it was pivotal to know them all. How I am Likely to change:- This process helped me learn develop business plans for the organizations. It has also helped me assess myself through repeated rounds of class discussions on the basic concepts and business case studies of various natures. It has also helped me on understanding the my future job where I may be required to device a strategy for my future employer. My Feelings undergoing the Process:- It was nice to learn and even nicer to experience a switch in my approach from a theoretical approach to a purely business oriented practical approach. Questions on the Learning Outcomes:- Typically I was all clear about the concepts and theories. I found however during devising the business plan and studying other case studies during the class sessions that that many theories are interrelated. I also understood that the one of the basic models is the Marketing Mix model from which, the other contemporary models are based on. Efforts would be made further clarify myself on the 4Ps and its extensions. Studies would be continued in individual resources to see how the models like Marketing Mix have been replaced by contemporary models. 11 Conclusion Part 1 of this work was a situation analys

Concepts of Creativity and Critical Thinking

Concepts of Creativity and Critical Thinking Thinking Creatively, Thinking Critically (Group 3) Abstracts These days, people often use the phase of â€Å"Think out of the box†. Hence it related to term â€Å"creative thinking† and â€Å"critical thinking†. So, what are those term means? Why it is important to have these thinking skills? How does those kind of thinking fit in modern education benefit and does it benefit students especially? This paper will introduce to the creative and critical thinking not as definite, but to give an idea on what is it about. Next, apply it in Hong Kong context. 1.0  Introduction Its not easy to give an exact definition of creativity and critical thinking. Both aspects have varying of elements which have effects on the flow of the thinking. For creative thinking, lots of researchers came out with their own definition based on their findings. Gardner (1993) defines creativity as ‘the ability to solve problems and fashion new products and to raise new questions’. However, this definition does not cover the whole term of â€Å"creative†; creative is much more than that, but yes, it is a gist for others to branch out more on the term. Thus Gruber Wallace (1999) say that a creative idea ‘must be new and must be given value by some external criteria’ followed by Robinson (2001) describes creativity as ‘imaginative processes with outcomes that are original and of value’. Once the creative thinking has taken place, hence it leads to the next part which is critical thinking. When someone has use their creative thinking, critical thinking comes in and evaluates ideas to narrow down the focus made by creative thinking and pick idea where it is the most relevant and or have potential to succeed (Ruggiero, 1999). Encouraging students to think critically involves, among other things, helping them to distinguish opinions from facts, to evaluate evidence, and to avoid shallow and illogical thinking. This approach is very important in helping to avoid (by recognizing) manipulation, which in turn can allow intellectual independence and creativity to flourish (Browne Keely, 1993; Mayfield, 1997; Paul, 1995). According to Meyers (1986), he gives out four elements which are needed in learning environments to encourage the development of critical thinking. First and foremost, the stimulation of students’ interest. It is required for the students to taken li ke in a certain topic for them to study deeper in it. Student’s with interest is much better in developing their critical thinking. Secondly, the creation of meaningful discussion. Based on their liking, the students are more comfortable and confidence to talk about it. Thirdly, the exposure to the thoughts and views of others. In this session, the students will hear various opinions and feedback from others. They will learn how to react and give comments to those who agree or disagree with their opinion. Lastly, the fostering of a supportive and trusting atmosphere. These kind of discussion is giving out positive vibes in student for their development in critical thinking. They can gain more confidence and hence helps their mind to become more mature and open to other perspective and out of their comfort zone. 2.0  Combination of Critical and Creative Thinking The combination between two types of thinking namely critical and creative thinking had been research by many researchers in the world. According to Julie (2008), he stated that in education in order for the student to adapt with a changing world , he or she must change way of thinking different from the past. The benefits of this combination has been point out by many research such as can boots up student to take time to generate many ideas and argument , to ask penetrating questions and recognize the validity of arguments (Julie ,2008). 2.1Difference between Critical and Creative Thinking According to Fisher ( 2002 ) , he has listed possible term to differentiate critical and creative thinking based on figure 1. According to this figure, the tendency for the people to think critical is more on left brain and think creative on right brain. Kendra (n.s) stated that the right brain has more abilities in expressive and creative task while in the left brain is more to asking that involve logic, language and analytical thinking. But , according to Julie ( 2008 ) , in order to encourage the student to think creative and critical , an approach that can combine critical and creative thinking needed to implemented instead just focussing only the distinction. 2.2  Critical and Creative Thinking in Problem Solving Julie (2008) stated that the benefits of critical thinking is it can help student to figure out and evaluate information that can be found via internet and mass media due to function of left hemisphere of the brain that has logical and analytic qualities ( Adam . ns). In addition to, creative thinking also has benefits in which this type of thinking can improve student’s academic performance if the student can identified their creative abilities. In order to combine both creative and critical thinking, one of the approaches that can help student is using problem solving technique. Problem solving technique can be defined as a process in which we perceive and resolve a gap between a present situation and a desired goal, with the path to the goal blocked by known or unknown obstacles (William, n.s).According to King (2014) , to conduct problem solving technique , there are seven step that need to focus such as analyse the problem , imagine the solution , plan solution , apply the solution , evaluate the solution , improve the solution and implement the solution. 2.3  Critical and Creative Thinking in Level of Learning Bloom’s Taxonomy had been develop by Benjamin Bloom in order to increase higher forms of thinking in education, such as analysing and evaluating concepts, processes, procedures, and principles, rather than just remembering facts (rote learning). According to Julie (2008), bloom taxonomy consist of three domain namely affective (feeling, preferences and values) , psychomotor (physical and perceptual activities and skills) and cognitive (thinking , evaluating and synthesizing information). Julie (2008) stated that, bloom taxonomy (figure 3) consist of six categories or level which represented in a triangle. The first level which the largest section at the base in the triangle is called Knowledge. According to bloom, in education level 95 % of test question only test the student to think at this basic level. For example in the classroom setting, the question is more likely to ask â€Å"what is the definition of ..? †. According to Leslie, the verb that related to this level are define recall, memorize and know identify. The second level is known as comprehension which involve interpretation and classification of ideas. In this level, it more focusing on ability to create or interpret meaning from material such as report recognize, describe discuss and differentiate. For example question that related such as ‘which is the best answer..?’ and more like question in multiple choice exam. The third level is application which also can be defined as using l earned material in new situation. In this level, it more focusing to use learned material in new and specific solution.. In the classroom setting, the student will be test on question such as â€Å"how would you show your understanding of ..?†. The fourth level is analysis. Analysis can be defined as ability to differentiate material into component parts and present the relationship between those part. For example, the question that related to this level such as â€Å"what inferences that can you make from†. Synthesis which places in level five can explain by construct the ability to put ideas together to form new ways that unique, innovate and creative. The question such as â€Å"Can you predict the outcome if ..?† can be used in synthesis level. The last level is Evaluation in which the level more focusing on ability to conduct judgement and critique the worth of ideas based on reviewing and evidence. For example in the classroom , the question such as â€Å" Do you agree with the action / outcomes † can be used to understanding of evaluation level. 3.0 Malaysia Education System Generally, Malaysia education system is divided into two; pre-tertiary and tertiary education. Pre-tertiary that includes primary and secondary education is regulated under Ministry of Education (MOE) whereas tertiary education is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE). Figure 4 According to Figure 4, primary education begins at age of seven and lasts for six years, referred to Year 1 up until Year 6. Students are promoted to the next year regardless of their academic performances. Furthermore, most students who had completed their primary education are admitted to go to secondary education. As secondary education lasts for five years, referred to as Form 1 to 5. As stated at Figure 4, secondary education are divided into two levels which is from Form 1 to Form 3, are known as Lower Secondary whereas Form 4 and Form 5 are known as Upper Secondary. The government have provides 11 years of primary and secondary education to students. After successful completion of 11 years of study, students are given the option to continue their studies in post-secondary schools to get a pre-university qualification (such as Matriculation programme) or further their study at higher level institution. 3.1  Gifted Education in Hong Kong Figure 5 The three-tier of gifted education framework was adopted in 2000. Based on this figure, the Education Bureau of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) stated in Education Commission Report No.4 that Hong Kong should develop a school-based programme in mainstream schools. Hong Kong Academy of Gifted Education (HKAGE) has come up with these policy where they want to develop the potential of gifted students by providing them with opportunities to receive education at appropriate levels. According to Figure 5, here are the explanations; Level 1: A:To immerse the core elements advocated in gifted education i.e. High-order thinking skills, creativity and personal-social competence in the curriculum for ALL students; B:To differentiate teaching through appropriate grouping of students to meet the different needs of the groups with enrichment and extension of curriculum across ALL subjects in regular classrooms. Level 2: C:To conduct pull-out programmes of generic nature outside the regular classroom to allow systematic training for a homogeneous group of students (e.g. Creativity training, leadership training, etc.); D:To conduct pull-out programme in specific areas (e.g. Maths, Arts, etc.) outside the regular classroom to allow systematic training for students with outstanding performance in specific domains. Level 3: E:The HKAGE collaborates with tertiary institutions and other educational organizations / bodies to provide a wide and increasing range of programmes for exceptionally gifted students To cater the educational needs of gifted students, they advocate the following guiding principles: Nurturing multiple intelligences is a requirement of basic education for all students and should be part of the mission for all schools The needs of gifted children are best met within their own schools though it is recognized that opportunities to learn with similarly gifted students are important. Schools have an obligation to provide stimulating and challenging learning opportunities for their students The identification of gifted students should recognize the breadth of multiple intelligences Schools should ensure that the social and emotional, as well as the intellectual, needs of gifted children are recognized and met. 4.0  Conclusion The students must be given the motivation to think, the time to develop ideas, and the collaboration and support to encourage creative and critical thinking. Connecting ideas, seeing the similarities and differences, and the most important, be flexible and curious in thinking are the important aspects that education needs in teachers and students. References 1. Huitt, W. (1992). Problem solving and decision making: Consideration of individual differences using the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. Journal of Psychological Type, 24,33-44.Retrievedfrom http://www.edpsycinteractive.org/papers/prbsmbti.html 2. Sicinski, A. Visual Thinking Magic The Evolution of Extraordinary Intelligence :Creativity: Merging the Left Right Brain  http://www.visualthinkingmagic.com/creativity-left-right-brain 3. King. Thoughtful Learning Blog :Teaching Innovation and Problem Solving  http://thoughtfullearning.com/blogpost/teaching-innovation-and-problem-solving (Accessed 2014-04-22 ) 4. Forrrester , J.C. 2008. ThinkingCreatively;Thinking Critically. Asian Social Science 5.  https://www.justlanded.com/english/Malaysia/Malaysia-Guide/Education/Introduction 6. http://www.edb.gov.hk/en/curriculum-development/major-level-of-edu/gifted/hong-kong-development/introduction.html

John Quincy Adams :: Biography Biographies Essays

John Quincy Adams Hello, I'm John Quincy Adams. I grew up in Braintree, Massachusetts, and when I became an adult I traveled with my father on his diplomatic missions until I became interested in political journalism at Harvard and eventually became he sixth president of the United States. During my lifetime, from 1767 to 1848, the United States was desperately trying to make allies, as the country was in it's infancy. I followed my father's footsteps, as I was working in foreign relations before I became President. I have experienced many great events, such as when I was appointed as minister to the Netherlands, a mere three days later I witnessed the French invade the country and overthrow the Dutch Republic. This was thought of by many as an attempt for the French to show the United States how strong it was, without exerting any force on them at all. On a different occasion, when I was appointed minister to Russia, I was the leading negotiator for the Treaty of Ghent with the British, which ended the War of 1812. These negotiations gained respect for the United States and me as a diplomat. I am a likable person wherever I go. When I was a kid, our family was very closely knit, as we all helped manage the farm, except for my dad, who was usually away in foreign countries. This didn't affect me very much since I joined up with him when I was 11 on his operations after my persistent asking. As President, I worked scrupulously to work out problems and provide leadership for the country. This was acknowledged by my fellow officials in office and by the country, as I'm thought of as a person with integrity and honesty. Louisa Catherine Adams, my wife, holds a special place in my heart. She has always been trustworthy and nice. As a child she had to deal with ill health frequently, (which often recurs), and as First Lady she held brilliant parties for my Cabinet and friends. Louisa and I had four children, but sadly they all died before they could have children of their own, all for various reasons. My only real enemy to speak of is Andrew Jackson. Before my administration, Jackson and his followers accused me of promising Henry Clay a cabinet post in return for his support. After I was elected, and I appointed Clay Secretary of State, Jackson's strong followers in Congress called it a 'corrupt bargain'.

Adolescence Essay -- Adolescent Behavior

Adolescence According to the dictionary, the word â€Å"Adolescence† is the stage of youth; or maturity. And yet, if you really think about it, that definition merely touches the surface. Adolescence is that part of ones life that he or she will never forget because it plays a big role in the formation of who that person will become.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is quite normal for parents to think they know their children; REALLY know their children. In fact what they know, in most cases, is their child’s external behavior. Anything, which doesn’t fit into the parent’s idea of the child’s character, is liable to be classified as an unexpected reaction or absurd behavior.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To know a child however, one must not judge him by his defects, or his virtues. To do this could lead to the child being classified by the parents in such a way as to make it difficult for them ever to abandon this view. Knowledge of a person’s external behavior is a rather superficial kind of knowledge. It could lead parents to think of their child in terms of what he does, rather than what he is.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is not clear what criteria parents follow when the want to classify or describe their child. Often they expect the child to fit into a scheme of adult values without realizing that the world of the adult and that of the child are quite distinct. Children have to be educated to be adults; it is not a matter of trying to turn them into adults when they...

Ted Bundy & terror

Ted Bundy was a terror for girls and women in 1970’s. He was a serial killer and a rapist who is believed to have ruthlessly murdered more than 20 girls from 1974-1979. Theodore Robert Cowell was born on November 24, 1946 to Eleanor Louise Cowell in a Vermont residential home for unwed mothers.His grandparents were introduced to him as his parents and his mother as his elder sister since she was unmarried. â€Å"Some, perhaps searching for some cause to Bundy's future actions, feel that Bundy's grandfather, Sam, may actually have fathered Ted out of an incestious relationship with Eleanor.The resulting confusion was the only known possbile truama in the young boy's life† (â€Å"Predator; Ted Bundy† BEGINNINGS). Eleanor married Johnnie Bundy on May 19, 1951 and Theodore Robert Cowell adopted Bundy as his last name. Bundy did not have any unpleasant experience in his childhood (â€Å"Predator; Ted Bundy† BEGINNINGS). By the time of his graduation Bundy had b ecome a stealer. He met his love Stephanie Brooks during his studies at the University of Washington. Even though love blossomed in their relationship it was not long that the couple broke off.â€Å"Bundy's lack of confidence and tendency toward manipulation had ruined the relationship† (â€Å"Predator; Ted Bundy† BEGINNINGS). Many of his victims are said to resemble Brooks who had a major impact on him. Bundy returned to his birthplace in 1969 and discovered the facts about his mother. He returned to the University of Washington. Another woman Liz Kendall entered his life and filled it with love. He had everything in his life by 1973- a degree in psychology, a loving partner and an impressive job with the Washington State Republican Party (â€Å"Predator; Ted Bundy† BEGINNINGS).Bundy became a brutal murderer by the end of 1973. He killed a number of girls in Washington. His first victim was 15 year old Kathy Devine. He abducted her on November 25, 1973 in a gre en pick-up and her body was recovered on December 6. Joni Lenz, his next victim, however was not killed though she suffered from brain damage and internal organ injuries. Lynda Ann Healy was abducted from her home on February 1, 1974 and never seen again. His next victims were Donna Manson, Susan Rancourt, Kathy Parks, Brenda Ball, Georgean Hawkins, Brenda Baker.All girls aged 15-19 years and Bundy followed a similar course of events in killing them- abduction and killing. Bundy carried on his inhuman routine and killed Janice Ott and Denise Naslund on July 14 at Lake Sammamish State Park. This time police could figure out a sketch and name Ted (though suspected to be unreal at first) of the criminal with the help of the people around (â€Å"Predator; Ted Bundy† SERIAL KILLER IN WASHINGTON). Bundy went to Utah after killing about 11 young girls in Washington. He carried on his fury in Utah and claimed his first victim 16 year old Nancy Wilcox on October 2, 1974.Bundy raped, h it and murdered Melissa Smith and Laurie Aimee both 17 year old teenagers later in the month. He then tried to kidnap Carol DeRonch but she was lucky to escape. He was however successful in abducting another girl, Debbie Kent, later in the day who was not lucky like DeRonch. His next victims were Caryn Campbell, Julie Cunningham, Denise Oliverson, Melanie Cooley, Lynette Culver, Susan Curtis, Shelley Robertson, Nancy Baird and Debbie Smith. Most of the girls’ bodies were not recovered and those recovered were mostly nude and severely injured (â€Å"Predator; Ted Bundy† BUNDY GOES TO UTAH).Bob Haywood, Utah Highway Patrol Officer, suspected a VW in Granger, Utah and tried to have a look into it. The driver drove the vehicle away but was caught soon by Haywood. Driver was identified as Ted Bundy and officer found several doubtful things in his car like burglary tools, a mask made of panty hose, an icepick, and handcuffs. Bundy had come under police scanner and they tried to figure out his link with the abduction of DeRonch. DeRonch could not identify Bundy but a teacher at school from where Kent disappeared identified him. He was held in relation to DeRonch attack.Deronch later identified him and he was sent to jail for 1-15 years. He was then tried for the murder of Caryn Campbell. Police found her hair in Bundy’s VW. Bundy was defending himself in the case and while on the visit to the courthouse law library on June 7, 1977 escaped jumping from a two storey window. He was arrested again after 6 days of freedom. â€Å"On December 30, 1977, he hacked his way through an old welded light fixture in his cell ceiling and crawled through to a deputies living quarters, put on some civilian clothes and walked out.He made his way to Vail, Colorado, took a bus to Denver, and boarded a plane to Chicago. † He finally fled to Florida (â€Å"Predator; Ted Bundy† ARREST†¦ AND ESCAPE). Bundy could not resist his killer temptation for lon g and attacked 4 girls on the night of January 14, 1978- Lisa Levy, Margaret Bowman, Karen Chandler, and Kathy Kleiner. Two of them were killed and other two survived. He also claimed the life of Cheryl Thomas the same night. All of the girls were ruthlessly beaten, raped and strangled. He abducted and killed another girl Kimberly Ann Leach on February 9 Feb 2008.He stole VW again to escape but was soon arrested after some struggle and attempted fleeing (â€Å"Predator; Ted Bundy† ON THE RUN IN FLORIDA). Bundy was tried for the murders in Florida and convicted on July 23. â€Å"the bite marks on Levy's buttock and Nita Neary's eyewitness identification were too much to be overcome. Five days late the penalty phase began. Character witnesses were called by both sides including Mary Louise Bundy for the defense† (â€Å"Predator; Ted Bundy† LAST DAYS). On July 31 the verdict of death sentence came Bundy’s way.The state of Florida tried Bundy for Leachâ€℠¢s murder and he was again convicted and sentenced to death. Bundy married Carol Ann Boone in the court who later gave birth to his daughter in October 1982. Bundy never admitted defeat and tried till end to escape his death sentence. Bundy’s death sentence was executed on January 24, 1989. He was electrocuted and declared dead at 7:16 am (â€Å"Predator; Ted Bundy† LAST DAYS). Fig. 1 (â€Å"Predator; Ted Bundy† LAST DAYS). Works Cited â€Å"Predator; Ted Bundy. † tedbundy. 150m. com. 22 July, 2008